Unlocking Cognitive Potential: Association of Sarcopenia and Mediterranean Diet on Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Elderly of the Dalmatian Region.

The aim of this study was to determine the association between muscle strength, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) and cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly. General data, data of body composition and anthropometric parameters, clinical and laboratory findings, cognitive test questionnaires (Mini-Mental State Examination-MMSE, Trail Making Test-TMT, Symbol Digit Modalities Test-SDMT), and nutritional assessments (Mini Nutritional Assessment-MNA, Mediterranean Diet Serving Score-MDSS) were obtained for each study participant. Handgrip strength (HS) was used as one of the key parameters for defining probable sarcopenia, among the Short Physical Performance Battery test (SPPB) (for defining physical activity) and the strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls questionnaire (SARC-F). Our cross-sectional study involved 114 participants aged ≥ 60 years, and two-thirds of the participants were female (76.3% vs. 23.7%). Probable sarcopenia was found in 34.7% of them. Using bivariate regression analysis, cognitive deficit among the sarcopenic population was associated with the following groups of collected data: (a) sociodemographic-associated factors-advanced age (OR: 1.07; p = 0.004), single marital status (OR: 3.25; p = 0.03), and low level of education (OR: 0.22; p < 0.003); (b) behavioral-associated factors-duration of institutionalization (OR: 1.05; p = 0.007), performance of heavy physical work (OR: 6.26; p = 0.001), low physical activity (OR: 0.08; p = 0.002), and risk of malnutrition (OR: 3.87; p = 0.005); (c) disease-related factors-loss of appetite (OR: 2.24; p = 0.04), information processing speed (OR: 0.88; p < 0.001), blood pressure systolic/diastolic variables (OR: 0.96/0.96; p = 0.002/0.02), medications (OR: 1.19; p = 0.005), predictive sarcopenia score ≥ 4 (OR: 3.1; p = 0.003), and low muscle strength (OR: 0.92; p = 0.002). Cognitive preservation among the sarcopenic population was associated with married status (OR: 0.23; p = 0.20), a high level of education (OR: 0.18; p = 0.002), smoking (OR: 0.33; p = 0.02), high physical activity (OR: 0.07; p < 0.001), and dietary habits using poultry (OR: 0.12; p = 0.004). The results suggest a significant association between sarcopenia and cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly, highlighting the need for regular nutritional interventions in this special population.

Body composition parameters in systemic sclerosis-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize current evidence regarding body composition (BC) in SSc in order to gain new insights and improve clinical care in the context of the nutritional status of SSc patients. METHODS: The databases Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library were searched on 4 January 2023. Studies were included if they provided data regarding BC obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in patients with SSc and healthy controls (HC). The study design criteria for inclusion were cohort and observational studies. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. For meta-analysis, mean difference with a 95% confidence interval was obtained and all results were depicted as forest plots. RESULTS: The number of retrieved publications was 593, of which nine were included in a random-effects meta-analysis totalling 489 SSc patients and 404 HC. Overall, significantly lower body mass index, lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM) and phase angle values were found in SSc patients when compared with HC. Furthermore, FM and LM were significantly lower in SSc patients when the DXA method was applied, whereas the same parameters were comparable between two groups of participants when BIA was applied. CONCLUSION: Altered BC is characteristic of SSc patients indicating the need for regular nutritional status assessment in order to improve the quality of life and clinical care of patients with SSc.

Serum Adropin Levels and Body Mass Composition in Kidney Transplant Recipients-Are There Sex Differences?

Adropin is a secretory peptide that regulates glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism, which is closely related to obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and atherogenesis. The serum adropin level is related to sex and depends upon nutritional preferences. This study aims to determine the association between serum adropin levels and body composition parameters in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), especially emphasizing sex differences. Our case-control study involved 59 KTRs (28 postmenopausal women and 31 men) who were divided into two groups according to sex, and each group of those KTRs was further divided into higher or lower adropin values than the mean value in each sex group. Univariate regression showed a negative association of adropin levels with most anthropometric and body composition parameters in men's KTRs. Contrary to this, the serum adropin level was negatively associated only with phase angle in postmenopausal female KTRs. Multivariate regression showed that skeletal muscle mass and phase angle were the only negative predictors in women's KTRs, whereas in men, negative predictors were BMI and body water. These findings imply that adropin could have a different impact on metabolic homeostasis in KTRs regarding sex and could be considered a negative predictor of body composition in KTRs.

Prescription Trends of Biologic DMARDs in Treating Rheumatologic Diseases: Changes of Medication Availability in COVID-19.

Biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are very effective in treating rheumatic diseases with a good patient tolerance. However, high cost and individualistic approach requires dedication of the physician. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the prescription of biologic DMARDs in rheumatology at the University Hospital of Split. The data collection was conducted through an archive search in the Outpatient Clinic for Rheumatology in the University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia. The search included the period before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia (31 March 2020). Collected data included age, sex, ICD-10 code of diagnosis, generic and brand name of the prescribed drug, date of therapy initiation, and medication administration route. In the pre-COVID-19 period, 209 patients were processed, while in the COVID-19 period, 185 patients were processed (11.5% fewer). During pre-COVID-19, 231 biologic medications were prescribed, while during COVID-19, 204. During COVID-19, IL-6 inhibitors were less prescribed (48 (21%) vs. 21 (10%) prescriptions, p = 0.003), while IL-17A inhibitors were more prescribed (39 (17%) vs. 61 (30%) prescriptions, p = 0.001). In ankylosing spondylitis (AS), adalimumab was prescribed more during pre-COVID-19 (25 vs. 15 patients, p = 0.010), while ixekizumab was prescribed less (1 vs. 10 patients, p = 0.009). In rheumatoid arthritis, tocilizumab was prescribed more in the pre-COVID-19 period (34 vs. 10 patients, p = 0.012). Overall, the prescription trends of biologic DMARDs for rheumatologic diseases did not vary significantly in the University Hospital of Split, Croatia. Tocilizumab was prescribed less during COVID-19 due to shortages, while ixekizumab was more prescribed during COVID-19 due to an increase in psoriatic arthritis patients processed and due to being approved for treating AS.

Associations of Serum Calprotectin, Arterial Stiffness and Long COVID Symptoms in Dalmatian Kidney Transplant Recipients.

We aimed to explore long COVID symptoms, serum calprotectin levels, and the parameters of arterial stiffness in Dalmatian kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and their possible associations. A cross-sectional, single-center case-control study on 98 KTRs who had recovered from COVID-19 was performed. Long COVID symptoms were explored via standardized questionnaires assessing quality of life, and serum calprotectin was also measured. Out of 98 KTRs with a mean age of 62 years, 63 (64.3%) were men. Medical history, clinical and laboratory parameters, and arterial stiffness measurements were obtained for each study participant. Difficulties with mobility were present in 44.3% of the KTRs, while difficulties with self-care were present in 6.2%, difficulties with usual activities were demonstrated by 35.1%, pain in the extremities was present in 52.5%, and anxiety and depression were present in 26.8%. Our results showed significant differences regarding serum calprotectin levels in clinical manifestations of acute COVID-19 and follow-up laboratory parameters. The most significant positive predictors of the serum calprotectin value in the KTRs were respiratory insufficiency, acute kidney failure, the prescription of antihypertensives, leukocyte and neutrophil counts, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Negative predictors were the time since COVID-19, high-density lipoprotein levels, kidney function parameters, and the lymphocyte count. To conclude, serum calprotectin has emerged as a possible promising biomarker for subclinical allograft rejection; however, further studies are needed to better understand this subject.

Assessment of Hydration, Nutritional Status and Arterial Stiffness in Hypertensive Chronic Kidney Disease Patients.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the body fluid volume in patients diagnosed with both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and arterial hypertension (AH), and to investigate the relationship between fluid overload (FO), nutritional status and arterial stiffness in this specific patient population. A total of 169 participants with CKD and AH were enrolled in the study, and data on general parameters, comorbidities, medication use, and laboratory parameters were collected. Body composition was assessed with a Tanita MC 780 device, and data on the central and peripheral systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as pulse wave velocity (PWV) and the augmentation index (AIx) were collected with an IEM Mobil-O-Graph 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitor, which was based on oscillometry. The Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) questionnaire was used to determine the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDi). Our results showed that the significant positive predictors of hydration status were the use of diuretics and oral hypoglycemic agents, whereas the negative predictors were female sex, higher body mass index level and use of two or more antihypertensives in the form of a single-pill combination. We also found differences in blood pressure and arterial stiffness parameters in relation to volume status, along with differences based on the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM). In conclusion, these results call for a higher awareness of volume status in the care of CKD patients with AH, especially in those with diabetes mellitus.

Pulmonary Ultrasonography in Systemic Sclerosis-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the current systematic review was to summarize and evaluate the overall advantages of lung ultrasonography (LUS) examination using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) as a reference standard in assessing the presence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. METHODS: Databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies evaluating LUSs in ILD assessments including SSc patients on 1 February 2023. In assessing risk of bias and applicability, the Revised Tool for the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) was used. A meta-analysis was performed and the mean specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained. In addition, in a bivariate meta-analysis, the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve area was additionally calculated. RESULTS: Nine studies with a total of 888 participants entered the meta-analysis. A meta-analysis was also performed without one study that used pleural irregularity to assess the diagnostic accuracy of LUSs using B-lines (with a total of 868 participants). Overall sensitivity and specificity did not differ significantly, with only the analysis of the B-lines having a specificity of 0.61 (95% CI 0.44-0.85) and a sensitivity of 0.93 (95% CI 0.89-0.98). The diagnostic odds ratio of univariate analysis of the eight studies using the B-lines as a criterion for ILD diagnosis was 45.32 (95% CI 17.88-114.89). The AUC value of the SROC curve was 0.912 (and 0.917 in consideration of all nine studies), which indicates high sensitivity and a low false-positive rate for the majority of the included studies. CONCLUSIONS: LUS examination proved to be a valuable tool in discerning which SSc patients should receive additional HRCT scans to detect ILD and therefore reduces the doses of ionizing radiation exposure in SSc patients. However, further studies are needed to achieve consensus in scoring and the evaluation methodology of LUS examination.

Association between Nutritional Status, Lifestyle Habits, and Disease Activity in Dalmatian Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate body composition, handgrip strength, quality of life, disease duration and activity and lifestyle habits in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to evaluate possible associations between all of the abovementioned factors. Seventy-five stable RA patients were included. Data on sociodemographic data, disease activity, quality of life, nutritional risk, body mass composition, anthropometric parameters, and clinical and laboratory parameters were collected for each study participant. The results showed that the mean score of the disease activity score (DAS28) was 5.4, the mean score of the health assessment questionnaire-disability index (HAQ-DI) was 1.19, and the mean disease duration in our population was 13.9 years. Our studied population had a long disease duration and high disease activity. Positive predictors of muscle mass in RA patients were daily caloric intake, fat-free mass, bone mass, basal metabolic rate, total body water, weight, body mass index (BMI), height, and muscle strength. There were no significant negative predictors. Positive predictors of muscle strength in RA patients were daily caloric intake, basal metabolic rate, predicted muscle mass, fat-free mass, bone mass, weight, total body water, metabolic age, hemoglobin, BMI, and number of exercises per week. In contrast, negative predictors of muscle strength were number of comorbidities, number of swollen joints, DAS, number of tender joints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and duration of RA. An association was also found between bone mineral density and both muscle mass and muscle strength. A structured nutritional approach in terms of multidisciplinary collaboration between rheumatologist, dietitian and physical medicine specialist is needed in the Dalmatian RA population.

Vitamin D in psoriatic arthritis - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize current evidence on vitamin D status in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) with a particular focus on disease activity. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies that investigated vitamin D levels in PsA. The search was conducted on 12th October 2022. Included studies were cohorts, RCTs or observational studies, those assessing the level of 25(OH)D3 with control group consisting of healthy or psoriasis (Pso) patients. Nottingham-Ottawa Quality Scale was used to assess methodological quality. Random effects meta-analysis model was applied with inverse variance weighting and mean difference with 95% CI was calculated. RESULTS: Of 356 retrieved studies, 76 duplicates and 270 studies were excluded according to the exclusion criteria with one study unavailable. Four studies including 264 PsA patients and 287 healthy controls and five studies including 225 PsA patients and 391 Pso patients assessing vitamin D levels were eligible for meta-analysis. Vitamin D levels were lower in PsA patients compared to the healthy group (MD = -6.42; 95 % CI -8.31, -4.53; P < 0.01), while higher compared to Pso patients (MD = 2.37; 95 % CI 0.97, 3.78; P < 0.01). Included studies had moderate to low risk of bias. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, PsA patients have lower vitamin D levels than the general population. However, further studies are essential to understand the role of vitamin D in the development and treatment of PsA and the differences in vitamin D metabolism in PsA and Pso.

Vitamin D and Sjögren's Disease: Revealing the Connections-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present review was to summarize the current evidence about the impact of vitamin D deficiency on pathology and clinical manifestations of Sjögren's disease (SD). METHODS: Databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane library were searched for studies assessing the levels of vitamin D in SD patients using the following keywords: (vitamin D OR calciferol OR cholecalciferol OR 25-hydroxyvitamin D OR 25-hydroxycholecalciferol OR calcidiol OR calcitriol OR 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) AND (Sjögren's Syndrome OR Sjögren's disease) accessed on 20 September 2022. Out of 248 retrieved studies, following the systematic review methodology and defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 9 clinical studies were eligible to be included in the present review: 4 of them case-control, 4 cross-sectional, and 1 cohort study. RESULTS: Nine studies totaling 670 SD patients and 857 healthy controls were eligible for meta-analysis with moderate to high methodological quality as determined by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Scale (NOS). According to the obtained results, a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was observed in SD patients when compared to healthy controls (95% CI -10.43, -2.39; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Available evidence points to lower levels of vitamin D in patients with SD in comparison to healthy controls. However, further studies are necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms associated with the role of vitamin D in the development and disease severity of SD.

Body Composition Parameters Correlate to Depression Symptom Levels in Patients Treated with Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the determinants of depression and nutritional status and their associations in patients treated with hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) and the differences according to the type of treatment. There were fifty-three patients treated with maintenance HD and twenty patients treated with PD enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Body composition, anthropometric parameters, and clinical and laboratory parameters were collected for each participant. Depression was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and risk of malnutrition with the Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS). The results suggest a positive association between the level of depression and the percentage of fat mass and obesity parameters in PD and HD participants. Muscle mass and fat-free mass in HD, phase angle (PhA), and serum albumin levels in PD were negatively associated with the value of BDI-II. Participants treated with HD were found to have higher levels of pessimism and loss of interest in sex compared with PD. There is a need to integrate multidisciplinary psychological and nutritional assessment into the usual care of dialysis patients.

Risk factors of severe periodontitis in kidney transplant recipients: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) represent a vulnerable group of patients who develop a number of comorbidities. Severe periodontitis (SP) is associated with the most common chronic systemic diseases including kidney diseases. The objective of this study was to explore the risk factors for SP in KTRs. METHODS: In this study, KTRs were divided into those with or without periodontitis and in relation to the severity of periodontitis. A comprehensive medical and periodontal examination was performed and evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine possible risk factors for SP among KTRs. RESULTS: A total of 100 KTRs were included in the analysis, of which 87% had periodontitis. Significant predictors of periodontitis were older age (OR = 1.07, 95% CI [1.01, 1.13], p = 0.016) and lower skeletal muscle mass (OR = 0.88, 95% CI [0.78, 0.99], p = 0.035). When examining periodontitis severity, predictors of SP (n = 21, 24%) were increased levels of uric acid (OR = 1.01, 95% CI [1.00, 1.02], p = 0.022) and dental plaque (OR = 1.04, 95% CI [1.01, 1.07], p = 0.013). In the subset analysis that included only KTRs with measured advanced glycation end products (AGE) (n = 47), 34% (n = 16) had SP. The predictors of SP were AGE (OR = 3.89, 95% CI [1.28, 11.82], p = 0.017) and dental plaque (OR = 1.07, 95% CI [1.01, 1.13], p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: KTRs with SP had significantly higher uric acid levels and AGE, which may contribute to the systemic health status of this patient population.

Peritoneal dialysis in Dalmatian County, Croatia: 21 years of a single-center experience.

INTRODUCTION: With end-stage renal disease becoming more prevalent, the importance of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is expected to rise even more. However, CAPD is associated with several infections with peritonitis being of the biggest importance. METHODS: We collected data regarding acute peritonitis episodes (APEs), date of birth and CAPD start, BMI, diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence, year of renal disease discovery, and details about renal replacement therapies. Primary outcomes included death, transplantation, and a switch to hemodialysis (HD). RESULTS: Hundred and twenty-nine men and 123 women were analyzed. 63 patients had DM. The median age at the start of CAPD was 56. The median length of CAPD treatment was 24 months. In the end, 147 patients were still alive of which 97 were transplanted, 33 were on CAPD, and 26 were switched to HD. A total of 327 APE were observed. CONCLUSION: Although the incidence is decreasing, efforts are required to enhance the prevention and treatment of APE.

COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients; a DALMATIAN single-center experience.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to explore COVID-19 severity, complications, and outcome predictors in the Dalmatian population of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). METHODS: KTRs confirmed with acute COVID-19 infection until May 2021 were included and followed up for 6 months. RESULTS: Out of 50 KTRs average aged 63 years, 36 (72%) were men. Nine (18%) KTRs had no pulmonary infiltration, and twenty-nine (58%) did not require oxygen supplementation. Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates had 29 (58%) while high-flow nasal cannula or mechanical ventilation required 8 (16%) KTRs. The mortality rate was 16%. Acute kidney injury developed in 18 (36%), and acute renal replacement therapy required 2 (4%) KTRs. Nine (18%) KTRs were subsequently rehospitalized. Chronic COVID-19 syndrome reported 23 (58%) KTRs. CONCLUSIONS: D-dimers were found to be the key prognostic factor of clinical complications, emphasizing the importance of underlying thrombotic microangiopathy. Optimal immunosuppressant adjusting in KTRs with acute COVID-19 infection remains to be clarified.

Beneficial effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication in systemic sclerosis patients.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown that Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is associated with increased activity and severity of systemic sclerosis (SSc), hence we aimed to evaluate the effect of HP eradication on various symptoms and inflammatory indices. METHODS: The SSc patients without dyspeptic symptoms were prospectively enrolled in this 18-month cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into two groups based on determination of HP infection. The infected group was treated in accordance with the current HP eradication protocol. Assessment of disease activity, severity and organ involvement was performed every 6 months. RESULTS: A total of 42 consecutive SSc patients without dyspepsia and variable disease activity and severity were recruited. Levels of modified Rodnan skin score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C reactive protein (CRP) significantly decreased following HP eradication (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively), and in the HP-negative patient group ESR and CRP values increased (p = 0.03, p = 0.002). Eradication of HP in the group of infected patients induced progressive and significant improvement of disease activity and severity over time compared to baseline (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively), whereas in the HP-negative patient group these scores remained unchanged. In our study, HP eradication was associated with an improvement of clinical symptoms and disease activity. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that HP detection and subsequent eradication could be beneficial in the management of SSc patients. Although, HP eradication seems to be advantageous in infected SSc patients, larger controlled studies are needed for a potential recommendation.

Performance of Derived Laboratory Biomarkers with Regard to 30-Day Mortality in Kidney Transplant Recipients with COVID-19.

There are limited data on the performance of laboratory-derived biomarkers in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) with COVID-19. This observational study enrolled 65 KTR with COVID-19 who were treated at the University Hospital of Split up to March 2022. Laboratory-derived biomarkers (neutrophile-to-lymphocyte (NLR) ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, De Ritis ratio, C-reactive protein (CRP)-to-albumin ratio, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-to-hemoglobin ratio, CRP-to-lymphocyte ratio, red cell distribution width-to-albumin ratio, platelet-to-albumin ratio, D-Dimer-to-albumin ratio, D-Dimer-to-NLR ratio, LDH-to-albumin ratio, and LDH-to-white blood cell (WBC) ratio) were calculated, and their performance with regard to 30-day mortality was determined. Mortality events occurred in 12 patients (18.5%), which was significantly associated with increased De Ritis (HR 3.83, 95% CI 1.57-9.35, p = 0.003), CRP-to-albumin (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.13-1.64, p = 0.001), LDH-to-hemoglobin (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.07-1.92, p = 0.015), CRP-to-lymphocyte (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.07, p = 0.003), D-dimer-to-albumin (HR 4.94, 95% CI 1.38-7.24, p = 0.038), LDH-to-albumin (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05-1.36, p = 0.008), and LDH-to-WBC (HR 1.03 95% CI 1.01-1.05, p = 0.024) ratios. Out of these, the best area-under-the-curve (AUC) values were achieved with De Ritis (AUC 0.691), CRP-to-albumin (AUC 0.764), LDH-to-hemoglobin (AUC 0.877), CRP-to-lymphocyte (AUC 0.739), and LDH-to-albumin (AUC 0.827) ratios, while the best discrimination displayed LDH-to-hemoglobin ratio (Harrell's C 0.808 and Somers' D 0.616). The overall calibration was satisfactory for all models. Derived laboratory biomarkers such as the de Ritis, CRP-to-albumin, LDH-to-hemoglobin, CRP-to-lymphocyte, and LDH-to-albumin ratios show significant association and discrimination with all-cause mortality in KTR with COVID-19, suggesting its potential risk stratification role.

Phase Angle Association with Dietary Habits and Metabolic Syndrome in Diabetic Hypertensive Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Phase angle (PhA) levels are often lower than normal because both disease-specific parameters and disease-related inflammatory status, metabolic syndrome (MetS) included, can affect PhA. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare body composition, metabolic profile and dietary patterns of participants with arterial hypertension (AH), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and MetS with regard to PhA values. A total of 208 participants were included, of whom 53.6% were males. For each participant, data about body composition and anthropometric parameters, clinical and laboratory parameters, as well as food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) were obtained. MC-780 Multi Frequency Segmental Body Mass Analyzer (Tanita) was used to assess body composition. Furthermore, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. The results showed that 75 (36.06%) participants had low PhA values and 133 (63.94%) had high PhA values. Participants with higher PhA values had significantly higher body fat percentage (p = 0.04), fat-free mass (kg; p < 0.001), muscle mass (kg; p < 0.001), skeletal muscle mass (% and kg; p < 0.001), sarcopenic index (SMI; p < 0.001) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC; p = 0.04), as well as lower fat mass percentage (p = 0.04). Regarding food frequency consumption, significantly higher intakes of red meat (p = 0.003), poultry (p = 0.02) and fast food (p = 0.003) were noticed in participants with higher PhA values. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MeDi) was exceptionally low in both groups of participants, with significantly higher fish intake noticed in participants with high PhA (p = 0.03). In conclusion, our results showed that body composition could be the indicator of PhA in MetS as well as overall low adherence to the MeDi principles. These findings highlight the importance of adequate nutritional strategies and novel approaches to maintaining optimal body composition and adopting proper eating habits within the framework of one's disease.

Associations between Advanced Glycation End Products, Body Composition and Mediterranean Diet Adherence in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

There is limited evidence on the associations between dietary patterns, body composition, and nonclassical predictors of worse outcomes such as advanced glycation end products (AGE) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the level of AGE-determined cardiovascular (CV) risk in Dalmatian KTRs and possible associations between AGE, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), and nutritional status. Eighty-five (85) KTRs were enrolled in this study. For each study participant, data were collected on the level of AGE, as measured by skin autofluorescence (SAF), Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS), body mass composition, anthropometric parameters, and clinical and laboratory parameters. Only 11.76% of the participants were adherent to the MeDi. Sixty-nine percent (69%) of KTRs had severe CV risk based on AGE, while 31% of KTRs had mild to moderate CV risk. The results of the LASSO regression analysis showed that age, dialysis type, dialysis vintage, presence of CV and chronic kidney disease, C- reactive protein level, urate level, percentage of muscle mass, and adherence to recommendations for nuts, meat, and sweets were identified as positive predictors of AGE. The negative predictors for AGE were calcium, phosphate, cereal adherence according to the MeDi, and trunk fat mass. These results demonstrate extremely low adherence to the MeDi and high AGE levels related CV risk in Dalmatian KTRs. Lifestyle interventions in terms of CV risk management and adherence to the MeDi of KTRs should be taken into consideration when taking care of this patient population.

Nutritional and Hydration Status and Adherence to Dietary Recommendations in Dalmatian Dialysis Patients.

Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is considered one of the major complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in dialysis patients. Insufficient energy and protein intake, together with clinical complications, may contribute to the onset and severity of PEW. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the differences in nutritional and hydration status and dietary intake among Dalmatian dialysis patients. Fifty-five hemodialysis (HD) and twenty peritoneal dialysis (PD) participants were included. For each study participant, data about body composition, anthropometric, laboratory, and clinical parameters were obtained. The Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) and two separate 24-h dietary recalls were used to assess nutritional status and dietary intake. The Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) and Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) were calculated to compare actual dietary intake with recommended intake. Additionally, the estimated 10-year survival was calculated using the Charlson Comorbidity Index. The prevalence of malnutrition according to MIS was 47.3% in HD and 45% in PD participants. Significant differences in fat tissue parameters were found between HD and PD participants, whereas significant differences in hydration status and muscle mass parameters were not found. A significant difference in NAR between HD and PD participants was noticed for potassium and phosphorus intake, but not for MAR. MIS correlated negatively with anthropometric parameters, fat mass, visceral fat level and trunk fat mass, and iron and uric acid in HD participants, whereas no significant correlations were found in PD participants. The estimated 10-year survival correlated with several parameters of nutritional status in HD and PD participants, as well as nutrient intake in HD participants. These results indicate a high prevalence of malnutrition and inadequate dietary intake in the Dalmatian dialysis population which, furthermore, highlights the urgent need for individualized and structural nutritional support.